Dec-2025 CWNP CWAP-404 Actual Questions and 100% Cover Real Exam Questions
CWAP-404 Free Exam Questions and Answers PDF Updated on Dec-2025
CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
Protocol Analysis - 15% | |
| Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods | - Select capture devices
- Install monitor mode drivers |
| Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools | - Save to disk - Packet slicing - Event triggers - Buffer options - Channels and channel widths - Capture filters - Channel scanning and dwell time |
| Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions | - Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets - Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets - Configure and display columns for analysis purposes - View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process - Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels - Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures - View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis - Use expert mode for analysis - View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis |
| Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting | - WLAN scanners and discovery tools - Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools - Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools |
| Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types | - Define the problem - Determine the scale of the problem - Identify probable causes - Capture and analyze the data - Observe the problem - Choose appropriate remediation steps - Document the problem and resolution |
Spectrum Analysis - 10% | |
| Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers | - Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware - Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions - Understand and use spectrum analyzer views
|
| Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues | - RF noise floor in an environment - Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal - Sources of RF interference and their locations - RF channel utilization - Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications - Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference - Poor performing or faulty radios |
| Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures | - Identify various 802.11 PHYs
- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures
|
| Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions | - AP-based spectrum analysis - Sensor-based spectrum analysis |
PHY Layers and Technologies - 10% | |
| Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) | - DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) - HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) - OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) - ERP (Extended Rate PHY) - HT (High Throughput) - VHT (Very High Throughput) - HE (High Efficiency)
|
| Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data | |
| Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers | - Pseudo-Header formats
- Key pseudo-header content
|
| Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers | |
| Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types | - Supported PHYs - Supported spatial streams |
MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25% | |
| Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation | - Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU) |
| Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis | - Management, Control, and Data frames - MAC frame formats and contents
- 802.11 Management frame formats
- Data and QoS Data frame formats
|
| Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis | - Country code - Minimum basic rate - Supported rates and coding schemes - Beacon interval - WMM settings - RSN settings - HT/VHT/HE operations - Channel width - Primary channel - Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs |
NEW QUESTION # 58
In which 802.11 frames is the SSID present, provided the SSID is not removed through proprietary software configuration by an administrator? (Choose 3)
- A. Reassociation Request
- B. Authentication
- C. Association Response
- D. Disassociation
- E. Association Request
- F. Probe Response
Answer: A,E,F
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which one of the following is not an 802.11 Management frame?
- A. Authentication
- B. Beacon
- C. PS-Poll
- D. Action
Answer: C
Explanation:
A PS-Poll (Power Save Poll) frame is not an 802.11 management frame. A PS-Poll frame is a type of control frame that is used by a STA in power save mode to request data frames from an AP. A STA in power save mode can conserve battery power by periodically sleeping and waking up. When a STA sleeps, it cannot receive any data frames from the AP, so it informs the AP of its power save status by setting a bit in its MAC header. The AP then buffers any data frames destined for the sleeping STA until it wakes up. When a STA wakes up, it sends a PS-Poll frame to the AP, indicating its association ID and requesting any buffered data frames. The AP then responds with one or more data frames, followed by an ACK or BA frame from the STA. The other options are not correct, as they are types of 802.11 management frames. An Action frame is used to perform various management actions, such as spectrum management, QoS management, radio measurement, etc. A Beacon frame is used to advertise the presence and capabilities of an AP or BSS. An Authentication frame is used to establish or terminate an authentication relationship between a STA and an AP.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Which one of the following is not a valid acknowledgement frame?
- A. Ack
- B. CTS
- C. RTS
- D. Block Ack
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
RTS is not a valid acknowledgement frame. RTS stands for Request To Send, and it is a control frame that is used to initiate an RTS/CTS exchange before sending a data frame. The purpose of an RTS/CTS exchange is to reserve the medium for a data transmission and avoid collisions with hidden nodes. An acknowledgement frame is a control frame that is used to confirm the successful reception of a data frame or a block of data frames. The valid acknowledgement frames are CTS (Clear To Send), Ack (Acknowledgement), and Block Ack (Block Acknowledgement) . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 186; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 187; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 189; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 190.
NEW QUESTION # 61
What does the value of the Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicate?
- A. How often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames
- B. How often a STA will go off channel to look for other BSSs
- C. How long a STA performing active scanning will listen for Probe Responses before changing channels
- D. How long a STA waits for an Ack before retransmitting the frame
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The value of the Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicates how often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames. The Listen Interval is expressed in units of Beacon Intervals (typically 100 TU or 102.4 ms). For example, if the Listen Interval is set to 10, it means that the STA will wake up every 10 Beacon Intervals (or about 1 second) to check for buffered frames at the AP. The Listen Interval is used by the AP to determine how long it can hold frames for a STA in power save mode before discarding them . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 197; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 198.
NEW QUESTION # 62
When performing protocol analysis, you capture an 802.1 lac data frame on channel 52, transmitted at MCS 8.
At what data rate was the PHY Preamble transmitted?
- A. 6 Mbps
- B. 86.7 Mbps
- C. 54 Mbps
- D. 78 Mbps
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The data rate at which the PHY preamble was transmitted is 6 Mbps. The PHY preamble is a part of the PPDU that is transmitted before the PHY header and the PSDU. The PHY preamble consists of a series of training fields that help the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal. The PHY preamble is always transmitted at a fixed data rate that depends on the type of PPDU (e.g., OFDM, HT, VHT, HE). For an 802.1 lac data frame on channel 52, which uses VHT PPDUs, the data rate for the PHY preamble is 6 Mbps. This data rate does not depend on MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme), which only affects the data rate for the PSDU. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 99-100
NEW QUESTION # 63
Which statements are true regarding frame acknowledgement in an IEEE 802.11 WLAN?
(Choose
3)
- A. The RA field of ACK frames is always obtained from the Address 2 field in the corresponding frame being acknowledged.
- B. Data frame fragments are acknowledged individually (with an ACK frame).
- C. A client station's Reassociation Request frames are only acknowledged with a Reassociation Response from the access point and not with an ACK frame.
- D. Following non-QoS Data frames with the More Fragments bit set to 1, the Duration/ID field of the ACK frame is set to a value equal to two SIFS plus the next Data fragment and its ACK.
- E. Probe request acknowledgement (sending of a Probe Response frame) is configurable in the access point and is always linked to SSID broadcast configuration in Beacons.
- F. In an EDCA BSS, encrypted Data frames are only acknowledged by client stations, never by access points.
Answer: A,B,D
NEW QUESTION # 64
When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, to which portion of the frame is the encryption applied?
- A. The whole MPDU
- B. Frame body excluding the LLC
- C. Frame body and MAC Header
- D. Frame body including the LLC
Answer: D
Explanation:
When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, the encryption is applied to the frame body including the LLCPDU. The LLCPDU (Logical Link Control Protocol Data Unit) is a part of the frame body that contains information such as protocol type, source and destination service access points (SAPs), and control fields. The LLCPDU is added by the LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer to provide multiplexing and flow control functions for different upper layer protocols. When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, which uses AES-CCMP as its encryption algorithm, both the payload and the LLCPDU are encrypted as a single unit. The MAC header and FCS are not encrypted, as they are needed for addressing and error detection purposes.
NEW QUESTION # 65
A manager at a retail outlet has complained that an incident occurred allowing a STA to launch an attack against another STA connected to their public Wi-Fi hotspot. He has asked you to troubleshoot the situation and verify that all possible measured are being taken to prevent this.
What configuration should you check in the AP?
- A. DNS settings
- B. Client-to-client direct communications
- C. Captive portal Internet gateway
- D. Inter-VAP filtering
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 66
Which common feature of a Spectrum Analyzer would be the best to help you locate a non-
802.11 interference source?
- A. Location filter
- B. Max hold
- C. Waterfall plot
- D. Device finder
Answer: D
Explanation:
The device finder is a common feature of a spectrum analyzer that helps locate a non-802.11 interference source. The device finder uses a directional antenna to measure the signal strength of a specific frequency or signal source. By pointing the antenna in different directions, the device finder can indicate the direction and distance of the interference source. The device finder can also filter out other signals that are not related to the interference source. The other options are not correct, as they do not help locate a non-802.11 interference source. Max hold and min hold are features that show the maximum and minimum RF power levels over time, respectively.
Location filter is a feature that filters out signals that are not from a specific location or area.
NEW QUESTION # 67
You view a protocol analyzer capture decode with the following protocol frames listed in the following order (excluding the ACK frames):
1) 802.11 Probe Request and 802.11 Probe Response
2) 802.11 Auth and another 802.11 Auth
3) 802.11 Assoc Req and 802.11 Assoc Rsp
4) EAPOL-Start
5) EAP Request and EAP Response
6) EAP Request and EAP Response
7) EAP Request and EAP Response
8) EAP Request and EAP Response
9) EAP Request and EAP Response
10) EAP Success 19) EAPOL-Key (4 frames in a row)
What are you seeing in the capture file?
- A. WPA2-Personal authentication
- B. Wi-Fi Protected Setup with PIN
- C. WPA2-Enterprise authentication
- D. 802.1X with Dynamic WEP
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 68
You have implemented an AP at a remote office. It is a single-band AP supporting 802.11ac.
Several users complain that their laptops cannot connect to the WLAN. These laptops are from multiple vendors and range in age from 2 to 4 years. The SSID and security profile settings are correct. All default settings were used on the AP with the exception of the SSID and security settings. What is the most likely issue preventing these STAs from connecting to the AP?
- A. They do not support VHI and only support OFDM
- B. They do not support the basic data rates
- C. They are 5 GHz-only devices
- D. They are 2.4 GHz-only devices
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 69
When a 5 GHz HT station in a 40 MHz BSS desires to protect a 40 MHz transmission from an OFDM station using an RTS/CTS or CTS-to-Self exchange, what frame format is used for the RTS and/or CTS frames?
- A. Dual-CTS
- B. Non-HT Duplicate
- C. HT-mixed format
- D. Phased Coexistence PPDU
- E. HT-greenfield format
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 70
What is an AIFS?
- A. A form of aggregation performed at the PLCP sub-layer
- B. A variable Interframe Space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories
- C. The shortest period of time a STA can sleep
- D. A medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented
Answer: B
Explanation:
An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An interframe space is a period of time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. An AIFS is a type of interframe space that varies depending on the AC of the traffic. An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. There are four ACs defined by 802.11e:
AC_VO (Voice), AC_VI (Video), AC_BE (Best Effort), and AC_BK (Background). Each AC has a different AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe what an AIFS is.
An AIFS is not a medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented, as it is part of the 802.11e standard and widely used in QoS-enabled WLANs. An AIFS is not a form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.11e UP values interpreted from DSCP values, as aggregation is a technique that combines multiple frames into one larger frame to improve efficiency and throughput, not prioritization or medium access. An AIFS is not the shortest period of time a STA can sleep, as sleeping is a power saving mode that allows a STA to conserve battery power by periodically turning off its radio, not accessing the medium.
NEW QUESTION # 71
In what scenario is Open Authentication without encryption not allowed based on the 802.11 standard?
- A. When operating a BSS in FIPS mode
- B. When operating a BSS in a government facility
- C. When operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band
- D. When operating a BS5 in the CBRS band
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Open Authentication without encryption is not allowed when operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band, according to the 802.11 standard. Open Authentication is a type of authentication method that does not require any credentials or security information from a STA (station) to join a BSS (Basic Service Set). Open Authentication can be used with or without encryption, depending on the configuration of the BSS and the STA. Encryption is a technique that scrambles the data frames using an algorithm and a key to prevent unauthorized access or eavesdropping. However, in the 6 GHz band, which is a newly available frequency band for WLANs, OpenAuthentication without encryption is prohibited by the 802.11 standard, as it poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. The 6 GHz band requires all WLANs to use WPA3-Personal or WPA3-Enterprise encryption methods, which are more secure and robust than previous encryption methods such as WPA2 or WEP. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe scenarios where Open Authentication without encryption is not allowed by the 802.11 standard. When operating a BSS in the CBRS band, which is another newly available frequency band for WLANs, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not recommended, as it also poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. When operating a BSS in FIPS mode, which is a mode that complies with the Federal Information Processing Standards for cryptographic security, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not compliant, as it does not meet the FIPS requirements for encryption algorithms and keys. When operating a BSS in a government facility, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not advisable, as it may violate the government policies or regulations for wireless security. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 8: Security Analysis, page 220-221
NEW QUESTION # 72
Where, in a protocol analyzer, would you find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A-MPDU?
- A. The Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header
- B. A-MPDU flag in the QoS Control Field
- C. The HT Operation Element
- D. A-MPDU flag in the Frame Control Field
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
In a protocol analyzer, you would find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A-MPDU by looking at the Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header. The Radio Tap Header is a pseudo-header that is added by some wireless capture devices to provide additional information about the physical layer characteristics of a frame. The Aggregation flag is one of the fields in this header, and it indicates whether the frame belongs to an A-MPDU or not. If the flag is set to 1, it means that the frame is part of an A-MPDU; if it is set to 0, it means that the frame is not part of an A-MPDU . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 9: PHY Layer Frame Formats andTechnologies, page 303; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 9: PHY Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 304.
NEW QUESTION # 73
Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?
- A. In the MBR Action frame
- B. Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame
- C. In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame
- D. In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS can be identified by looking at the Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame. A Beacon frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to advertise its presence and capabilities to potential clients. A Beacon frame contains various information elements (IEs) that provide details about the BSS configuration and operation. The Supported Rates andExtended Supported Rates IEs list the data rates that are supported by the AP for data transmission. The MBR is the lowest data rate among these supported rates that is required for all clients to join and communicate with the BSS. The MBR is usually marked with a flag bit in these IEs to indicate its mandatory status. The other options are not correct, as they do not exist or do not indicate the MBR of a BSS. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 123-124
NEW QUESTION # 74
Many access points support IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. When analyzing a WLAN system using IEEE 802.1Q tags, where can the VLAN tag number be seen?
- A. In the Beacon Management frame's Capabilities fixed field
- B. In the Sequence Control field of the MSDU
- C. In the PLCP header's Service field
- D. In the Frame Control field of the MPDU header
- E. In the Ethernet header on the wired port of the access point
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 75
You are using a Wireless Aggregator utility to combine multiple packet captures.
One capture exists for each of channels 1, 6 and 11.
What kind of troubleshooting are you likely performing with such a tool?
- A. Fast secure roaming problems.
- B. Wireless adapter failure analysis.
- C. Interference source location.
- D. Narrowband DoS attack detection.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 76
You are attempting to work through a user complaint with the CWNP-recommended troubleshooting methodology.
What must be clearly identified in order to reduce the number of possible causes at step three?
- A. The user's IP configuration
- B. The device type
- C. The user name
- D. The problem
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 77
Which one of the these is the most important in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed?
- A. Observe the problem
- B. Obtain detailed -knowledge of the wireless vendors debug and logging options
- C. Interview the network manager about the issues being experienced
- D. Talk to the end users about their experiences
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Observing the problem is the most important step in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed. This step involves capturing and analyzing the relevant data from the wireless network, such as packets, frames, spectrum, and performance metrics. Observing the problem helps to verify the existence and scope of the issue, identify the root cause and possible solutions, and validate the results of any actions taken. The other steps are also important, but they are not as critical as observing the problem12 References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 1: Troubleshooting Methodology, page 15
CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 1.2: Observe the problem
NEW QUESTION # 78
You are performing a multiple adapter channel aggregation capture to troubleshoot a VoIP roaming problem and would like to measure the roaming time from the last VoIP packet sent on the old AP's channel to the first VoIP packet sent on the new AP's channel. Which timing column in the packet view would measure this for you?
- A. Absolute
- B. Relative
- C. Delta
- D. Roaming
Answer: D
Explanation:
The "Roaming" timing column specifically measures the time elapsed between the last packet on the old AP's channel and the first packet on the new AP's channel, providing valuable information about the roaming time in VoIP troubleshooting scenarios.
NEW QUESTION # 79
You have been asked to recommend a protocol analysis solution that uses open source software and works with the Linux platform. It must provide decoding of 802.11ac frames and minimal support for reporting and statistics.
What solution would you recommend?
- A. CommView for Wi-Fi
- B. Wi-Fi Analyzer Pro
- C. Wireshark
- D. OmniPeek
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 80
When performing protocol analysis, you capture an 802.11ac data frame on channel 52, transmitted at MSC 8.
At what data rate was the PHY Preamble transmitted?
- A. 6 Mbps
- B. 86.7 Mbps
- C. 54 Mbps
- D. 78 Mbps
Answer: A
Explanation:
The transmitter sends the preamble at 1 Mbps (802.11 or 802.11b DSSS) or 6 Mbps (802.11a or
802.11g ERP-OFDM).
Reference: http://mediA.techtarget.com/searchMobileComputing/downloads/CWAP_ch8.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 81
Using a portable analyzer you perform a packet capture next to a client STA and you can see that the STA is associated to a BSS. You observe the STA sending packets to the AP and the AP sending packets to the STA. Less the 2% of all packets are retransmissions. You move to capture packets by the AP and, while the retry rate is still very low, you now only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client. How do you explain this behavior?
- A. The portable analyzer is too close to the AP causing CCI, blinding the AP to the client's packets
- B. There is a transmit power mismatch between the client and the AP and while the client can hear the Aps traffic, the AP cannot hear the client.
- C. The portable analyzer has a lower receive sensitivity than the AP and while it can't capture the packets from the client STA, the AP can receive them OK.
- D. The STA is transmitting data using more spatial streams than the potable analyzer can support
Answer: C
Explanation:
Receive sensitivity is the minimum signal level that a receiver can detect and decode. Different devices may have different receive sensitivity levels depending on their hardware specifications and antenna configurations. In this scenario, the portable analyzer has a lower receive sensitivity than the AP, meaning that it requires a stronger signal to capture the packets from the client STA.
The AP, on the other hand, has a higher receive sensitivity and can receive the packets from the client STA even if they have a weaker signal. This explains why the portable analyzer can only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client when capturing near the AP.
NEW QUESTION # 82
What does the value of the Listen Interval field in an Association request frame indicate?
- A. How often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames
- B. How often a STA will go off channel to look for other BSSs
- C. How long a STA performing active scanning will listen for Probe Responses before changing channels
- D. How long a STA waits for an Ack before retransmitting the frame
Answer: A
Explanation:
The value of the Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicates how often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames. The Listen Interval is expressed in units of Beacon Intervals (typically 100 TU or 102.4 ms). For example, if the Listen Interval is set to 10, it means that the STA will wake up every 10 Beacon Intervals (or about 1 second) to check for buffered frames at the AP. The Listen Interval is used by the AP to determine how long it can hold frames for a STA in power save mode before discarding them.
NEW QUESTION # 83
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