Free Sample Questions to Practice NSE7_NST-7.2 Certification Test Engine [Oct-2024]
2024 Valid NSE7_NST-7.2 Real Exam Questions, practice Fortinet Certification
NEW QUESTION # 10
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which action will FortiGate take when using the default settingsfor SSL certificate inspection?
- A. FortiGate uses the 31 information from the Subject field in the server certificate.
- B. FortiGate uses the first entry listed in the SAN field in the server certificate.
- C. FortiGate closes the connection because this represents an invalid SSL/TLS configuration
- D. FortiGate uses the SNI from the user's web browser.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* SNI and Certificate Mismatch:When the Server Name Indication (SNI) does not match either the Common Name (CN) or any of the Subject Alternative Names (SAN) in the server certificate, FortiGate's default behavior is to consider this as an invalid SSL/TLS configuration.
* Default Action:FortiGate, under default settings for SSL certificate inspection, will close the connection to prevent potential security risks associated with mismatched certificates.
References:
* Fortinet Community: SSL Certificate Inspection Configuration and Behavior(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 11
Which of the following regarding protocol states is true?
- A. proto state=01 indicates one-way ICMP traffic.
- B. proto_state=00 indicates that UDP traffic flows in both directions.
- C. proto_state=10 indicates an established TCP session.
- D. proto_state-01 indicates an established TCP session.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Understanding protocol states:
* proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.
* proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.
* proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.
* proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.
* Explanation of correct answer:
* proto_state=10is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 12
Which two statements about conserve mode are true? (Choose two.)
- A. FortiGate enters conserve mode when the system memory reaches the configured extreme threshold.
- B. FortiGate starts taking the configured action for new sessions requiring content inspection when the system memory reaches the configured red threshold.
- C. FortiGate exits conserve mode when the system memory goes below the configured green threshold
- D. FortiGate starts dropping all new sessions when the system memory reaches the configured red threshold.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Conserve Mode Activation:
* FortiGate enters conserve mode to prevent system crashes when the memory usage reaches critical levels. The "red threshold" is the point at which FortiGate starts dropping new sessions to conserve memory.
* When the system memory usage exceeds this threshold, the FortiGate will block new sessions that require significant memory resources, such as those needing content inspection.
* Exiting Conserve Mode:
* The "green threshold" is the memory usage level below which FortiGate exits conserve mode and resumes normal operation.
* Once the system memory usage drops below this threshold, FortiGate will start allowing new sessions again.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding conserve mode and its thresholds(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Memory conserve mode and thresholds(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 13
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session table entry.
Which statement about FortiGate behavior relating to this session is true?
- A. FortiGate applied only IPS inspection to this session.
- B. FortiGate is performing a security profile inspection using the CPU.
- C. FortiGate redirected the client to the captive portal to authenticate, so that a correct policy match could be made.
- D. FortiGate forwarded this session without any inspection.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The session table entry provided shows detailed information about a specific network session passing through the FortiGate device. From the session details, we can see that the session has various attributes such as state, protocol, policy, and inspection details.
* The session state (proto_state=11) indicates that the session is being actively processed and inspected.
* Thenpd_state=00000000suggests that the session is being handled by the CPU rather than offloaded to a Network Processor (NP).
* The session is marked for security profile inspection, evident from the detailed byte/packet counts and other session parameters.
From these indicators, it's clear that FortiGate is using its CPU to perform security profile inspection on this session rather than simply forwarding the traffic without inspection or relying solely on IPS inspection.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Session Table
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Session Table
NEW QUESTION # 14
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time LDAP debug.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
- A. FortiOS is performing the second step (Search Request) in the LDAP authentication process.
- B. The name of the configured LDAP server is Lab.
- C. FortiOS is able to locate the user in step 3 (Bind Request) of the LDAP authentication process.
- D. The user is authenticating using CN=John Smith.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
* LDAP Authentication Process:
* LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication involves several steps: Bind Request, Search Request, and Bind Response.
* The Bind Request is used to authenticate the client to the LDAP server.
* The Search Request is used to find the directory entry that matches the provided criteria.
* Analyzing the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows a real-time LDAP debug output.
* The debug log includes a successful resolution of the LDAP FQDN, indicating that the LDAP server was reached.
* The debug log also shows the start of a search using the distinguished name (DN) base and a filter to locate the userjsmith.
* Conclusion:
* Since FortiOS successfully resolved the LDAP server and initiated a search for the userjsmith, it indicates that the LDAP server was located, and the search request was performed.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding LDAP authentication steps and troubleshooting(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Documentation: LDAP integration and debugging in FortiOS(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 15
Which two statements about application-layer test commands ate true? (Choose two.)
- A. Some of them can be used to restart an application.
- B. Some of them display statistics and configuration information about a feature or process.
- C. Some of them display real-time application debugs.
- D. Some of them display only output, after you run the diagnose debug console enable command.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
* Statistics and Configuration Information:
* Application-layer test commands can display detailed statistics and configuration information about specific features or processes. For example, commands likediagnose vpn ipsec tunnel list provide detailed statistics about VPN tunnels.
* Real-time Debugs:
* These commands also facilitate real-time debugging of applications and processes. For instance, usingdiagnose debug applicationfollowed by the specific application, such asfssod, provides real-time debug information which is crucial for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Useful FSSO Commands and Troubleshooting(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Application-layer Test Commands(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 16
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionlist.
If the HA ID for the primary device is0. what happens if the primary failsand the secondary becomes the primary?
- A. The secondary device has this session synchronized; however, because application control is applied, the session is marked dirty and has to be re-evaluated after failover.
- B. The session will be removed from the session table of the secondary device because of the presence of allowed errorpackets, which will force the client to restart the session with the server.
- C. Traffic for this session continues to be permitted on the new primary device after failover. without requiring the client to restart the session with the server.
- D. The session state is preserved but the kernel will need to re-evaluate the session because NAT was applied.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Session Synchronization:
* FortiGate HA (High Availability) ensures that active sessions are synchronized between the primary and secondary devices. This synchronization allows for seamless failover and continuity of sessions.
* Handling NAT Sessions:
* The session in the exhibit has NAT applied, as indicated by thehook=post dir=org act=snatentry.
FortiGate's HA setup is designed to handle such sessions, ensuring that traffic continues without interruption during failover.
* Session Preservation:
* Even with the presence of NAT, the session state is preserved across the HA devices. This means that ongoing sessions do not require re-establishment by the client, thus providing a seamless experience.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: HA session synchronization and failover
* Fortinet Community: Understanding session synchronization in FortiGate HA
NEW QUESTION # 17
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows partial outputs from two routing debug commands.
Why is the port 2 default route not in the second command output?
- A. The port2 interlace is disabled in the FortiGate configuration.
- B. The port1default route has a lower priority value than the default route using port2.
- C. The port1 default route has a higher priority value than the default route using port2.
- D. The port1 default route has a lower distance than the default route using port2-
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Routing Table Analysis:
* The first command output (get router info routing-table database) shows two default routes:
* One viaport1with a distance of10.
* One viaport2with a distance of20.
* The second command output (get router info routing-table all) only shows the route viaport1.
* Administrative Distance:
* The administrative distance (AD) is a measure used by routers to select the best path when there are multiple routes to the same destination. The lower the distance, the more preferred the route.
* In this scenario, the route viaport1has a lower distance (10) compared to the route viaport2(20), making it the preferred route.
* Route Selection:
* Since the route viaport1has a lower distance, it is the only one installed in the active routing table, which is why it appears in the second command output, and theport2route does not.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Routing behavior depending on distance and priority(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet GURU: Route priority and administrative distance explanations(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 18
What are two functions of automation stitches? (Choose two.)
- A. You can configure automation stitches on any FortiGate device in a Security Fabric environment.
- B. You can set an automation stitch configured to execute actions in parallel to insert a specific delay between actions.
- C. You can create automation stitches to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to an email message when CPU or memory usage exceeds specified thresholds.
- D. An automation stitch configured to execute actions sequentially can take parameters from previous actions as input for the current action.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Automation Stitches Overview:
* Automation stitches in FortiOS allow administrators to automate responses to specific events, such as running diagnostic commands or taking corrective actions when certain thresholds are exceeded.
* Diagnostic Commands and Alerts:
* Automation stitches can be configured to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to email alerts. This is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes, particularly when CPU or memory usage exceeds set thresholds.
* Sequential Execution with Parameters:
* When actions are executed sequentially, each action can take parameters from the previous action as input. This enables more complex workflowsand automation sequences where the output of one action influences the next.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring and using automation stitches(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Automation stitches and their applications in FortiOS(Hammertux)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 19
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
Which changes must the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24?
- A. A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
- B. Enable asymmetric routing under config system settings.
- C. Modify the default gateway on thelaptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2
- D. Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Current Configuration Analysis:
* The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.
* However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.
* Required Configuration:
* To ensure the server at10.4.0.1/24can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.
* The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Steps to Configure:
* Access the FortiGate configuration interface.
* Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.
* Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 20 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a diagnose command.
What can you conclude from the RTT value?
- A. It determines which FortiGuard server is used for license validation.
- B. lts initial value is statically set to 10.
- C. Its value is incremented with each packet lost.
- D. Its value represents the time it takes to receive a response after a rating request is sent to a particular server.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* RTT (Round Trip Time):
* RTT in the context of the FortiGuard server list indicates the time it takes for a request to be sent to a FortiGuard server and for a response to be received.
* This metric helps determine the latency between the FortiGate device and the FortiGuard servers, which is crucial for ensuring efficient and quick updates and responses for services like web
* filtering and antivirus updates.
* Server Selection:
* The FortiGate device uses RTT values to prioritize servers. Servers with lower RTT values are preferred as they respond faster, ensuring minimal delay in processing requests.
* This improves the overall performance of FortiGuard services by reducing the time it takes to communicate with the servers.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FortiGuard server connections and RTT values(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Documentation: FortiGuard server settings and RTT explanation(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 21
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of a diagnose command.
Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. DPD is disabled.
- B. The remote gateway has quick more selectors containing a destination subnet of 10.1.2.0/24.
- C. The remote gateway IP is 10.200.5.1.
- D. Anti-replay is enabled.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Remote Gateway IP:
* The output shows10.200.5.1as the remote gateway IP, confirming that this is the IP address of the remote gateway involved in the IPsec VPN tunnel.
* Quick Mode Selectors:
* The quick mode selectors specify the subnets involved in the VPN. The output showssrc:
0:10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0:0anddst: 0:10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0:0, indicating the subnets being tunneled.
* DPD (Dead Peer Detection):
* DPD is shown asmode=on-demand on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=0, indicating that DPD is enabled in on-demand mode.
* Anti-replay:
* The output includesreplaywin=2048andreplaywin_lastseq=00000000, which are indicators that anti-replay protection is enabled for the IPsec tunnel.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* VPN Configuration and Diagnostic Guides
NEW QUESTION # 22
Which statement is correct regarding LDAP authentication using the regular bind type?
- A. The regular bind type is the easiest bind type to configure on FortiOS.
- B. The regular bind type goes through four steps to successfully authenticate a user.
- C. The regular bind type cannot be used if users are authenticated using sAMAccountName.
- D. The regular bind typerequires a FortiGate super_adminaccount.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* LDAP Authentication Process:
* The regular bind type for LDAP authentication involves multiple steps to verify user credentials.
* Step 1: The client sends a bind request with the username to the LDAP server.
* Step 2: The LDAP server responds to the bind request.
* Step 3: The client sends a bind request with the password.
* Step 4: The LDAP server responds, confirming or denying the authentication.
* Explanation of answer:
* The regular bind type follows these four steps to authenticate a user, making it a comprehensive method but not necessarily the easiest to configure.
* The statement regarding sAMAccountName and super_admin account requirements are not accurate in the context of regular bind type LDAP authentication on FortiOS.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiOS LDAP Authentication Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which exchange lakes care of DoS protection in IKEv2?
- A. IKE_Auth
- B. Create_CHILD_SA
- C. IKE_SA_INIT
- D. IKE_Req_INIT
Answer: C
Explanation:
* IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
* During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.
* DoS Protection Mechanisms:
* One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.
References:
* RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)(RFC Editor).
* RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks(IETF Datatracker).
NEW QUESTION # 24
Referto the exhibit, which shows oneway communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.
What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)
- A. FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.
- B. You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.
- C. Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way
- D. You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.
- E. Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.
Answer: B,C,D
Explanation:
The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.
To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:
* Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.
* Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.
* Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 25
Refer to the exhibits.
An administrator is attempting to advertise the network configured on port3. However, FGT-A is not receiving the prefix.
Which two actions can the administrator take to fix this problem'' (Choose two.)
- A. Use the set network-import-check disable command.
- B. Manually add the BGP route on FGT-A.
- C. Modify the prefix using the network command from 172.16.0.0/16 to 172.16.54.0724.
- D. Restart BGP using a soft reset, which forces both peers to exchange their complete BGP routing tables.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
* Soft Reset of BGP:
* Performing a soft reset of BGP is a common method to resolve issues where prefixes are not being
* received. It forces both BGP peers to resend their complete routing tables to each other.
* This can be done using the command:execute router clear bgp soft inandexecute router clear bgp soft out.
* Network Import Check:
* Thenetwork-import-checkcommand controls whether the FortiGate should verify that the prefix exists in the routing table before advertising it.
* Disabling this check can resolve issues where valid prefixes are not advertised due to stringent verification.
* The command to disable this is:config router bgp set network-import-check disable end.
* BGP Configuration Verification:
* Ensure that the BGP configuration on FGT-B is correctly set to advertise the network
172.16.54.0/24.
* Verify that the network statement is correctly configured and matches the intended prefix.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Technical Note on Configuring BGP(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring BGP on FortiGate(Fortinet Document Library).
NEW QUESTION # 26
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