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NEW QUESTION # 126
What competence, among others, should each audit team member have?
- A. Knowledge of the risk-based approach to auditing.
- B. A formal degree in quality management.
- C. Knowledge of the industry in which the auditee operates.
- D. Expertise in each domain to be audited.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Auditors must have competence in risk-based auditing to effectively assess an organization's QMS performance and compliance.
Clause References:
* ISO 19011:2018, Clause 7.2.3 - Determining Auditor Competence:
* Auditors must have knowledge of risk-based thinking to assess risk impact on processes.
* ISO 9001:2015, Clause 0.3.3 - Risk-Based Thinking:
* The standard emphasizes proactive risk management, which auditors must understand.
Why is the Correct Answer B?
* Risk-based auditing ensures audits focus on high-risk areas, improving audit effectiveness.
* Auditors must assess how organizations apply risk-based thinking in decision-making, process control, and improvement.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Industry knowledge) # While helpful, it is not mandatory for all auditors.
* C (Expertise in all domains) # Auditors are not required to be experts in all areas, just in audit methodology.
* D (Formal degree in quality management) # ISO does not require a formal degree, just competence in audit principles and methods.
NEW QUESTION # 127
You are carrying out an audit at a single-site organisation seeking certification to ISO 9001 for the first time.
The organisation manufactures
cosmetics for major retailers.
You are interviewing the Manufacturing Manager (MM).
You: "I would like to begin by looking at the cleaning controls."
MM: "We record the cleaning of the equipment at the end of every batch. This document details the minimum cleaning frequency and the procedures to follow for all areas and each item of equipment. The person who carries out the cleaning puts their initial on the document and records the time and date alongside." Narrative: You sample production records over 3-days and note down evidence of nonconformity as per the table below.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 128
Scenario 4:
TD Advertising is a print management company based in Chicago. The company offers design services, digital printing, storage, and distribution. As TD expanded, its management recognized that success depended on adopting new technologies and improving quality.
To ensure customer satisfaction and quality improvement, the company decided to pursue ISO 9001 certification.
After implementing the QMS, TD hired a well-known certification body for an audit. Anne Key was appointed as the audit team leader. She received a document listing the audit team members, audit scope, criteria, duration, and audit engagement limits.
Anne reviewed the document and approved the audit mandate. The certification body and TD's top management signed the certification agreement.
Before contacting TD, Anne reviewed the audit scope and noticed that TD made changes to it due to the adoption of new printing equipment. However, Anne disagreed with the changes, stating they would affect the audit timeline. She considered withdrawing from the audit.
How do you assess the situation presented in the last paragraph of scenario 4?
- A. Anne has full authority to reject any scope changes, even if TD and the certification body agree.
- B. Anne cannot withdraw from the audit once the audit mandate is accepted.
- C. TD cannot make any change to the audit scope once it has been defined.
- D. TD should have agreed with the certification body and Anne about any change in the audit scope.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
ISO 9001:2015 requires collaboration between the auditee (TD Advertising), the certification body, and the audit leader when making changes to audit scope.
Clause References:
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.2.3 - Conducting the Audit: Any change in audit scope must be agreed upon by all parties before proceeding.
Why is the Correct Answer C?
* TD cannot unilaterally change the scope without agreement from the certification body and audit leader.
* The certification body must ensure the scope remains relevant and that resources are allocated properly.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Anne cannot withdraw) # Incorrect, Anne CAN withdraw if the changes make the audit unfeasible, but she must consult with the certification body first.
* B (TD cannot change the scope) # Incorrect, scope changes are allowed but must be formally approved.
* D (Anne has full authority to reject scope changes) # Incorrect, scope changes require mutual agreement among all parties.
Reference:
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.2.3 - Conducting the Audit
NEW QUESTION # 129
A person who provides specific knowledge or expertise to the audit team during the audit is known as a
/an:
- A. Observer.
- B. Guide.
- C. Technical expert.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
A technical expert is someone with specialized knowledge that helps the audit team understand specific technical aspects of the auditee's processes.
Clause References:
* ISO 19011:2018, Clause 7.3.4 - Use of Technical Experts:
* Technical experts support the audit team with specialized knowledge but do not perform the audit themselves.
Why is the Correct Answer B?
* A technical expert is needed when auditors lack deep expertise in specific areas, such as engineering, software, or medical devices.
* They assist in interpreting complex technical requirements but do not act as auditors.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Observer) # Observers do not contribute expertise; they only watch the audit (e.g., trainees).
* C (Guide) # Guides help with logistics but do not provide technical expertise.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 7.3.4 - Use of Technical Experts
NEW QUESTION # 130
In a third-party audit to ISO 9001, select two options of when the organisation is required to act in response to reported findings.
- A. An opportunity for improvement is raised.
- B. A recommendation is given in the report.
- C. A major non-conformity is raised.
- D. A finding of good practice is reported.
- E. A finding of conformity is reported.
- F. A minor non-conformity is raised.
Answer: C,F
Explanation:
According to ISO 19011:2018, clause 6.6.2, a nonconformity is the non-fulfilment of a requirement. A nonconformity can be classified as either major or minor, depending on the nature and extent of the deviation from the audit criteria. A major nonconformity is a nonconformity that affects the ability or the integrity of the organization's management system to achieve the intended results. A minor nonconformity is a nonconformity that does not affect the ability or the integrity of the organization's management system to achieve the intended results, but is a deviation from the audit criteria1.
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, clause 9.4.9, the organization is required to analyze the cause and describe the specific correction and corrective actions taken, or planned to be taken, to eliminate detected nonconformities, within a defined time. The organization is also required to provide the certification body with records and evidence of the implementation and effectiveness of the correction and corrective actions taken. The certification body will then verify the correction and corrective actions taken by the organization and decide on the certification status2.
Therefore, the two options of when the organization is required to act in response to reported findings are D and F, as they indicate the presence of nonconformities that need to be corrected and prevented from recurring. The other options are not correct, as they do not require the organization to act in response to reported findings:
*A. A recommendation is given in the report: A recommendation is a suggestion for improvement that is not related to a nonconformity. A recommendation is not binding for the organization and does not affect the certification status. The organization may choose to accept or reject the recommendation, but it is not required to act on it.
*B. A finding of good practice is reported: A finding of good practice is a positive observation that indicates a strength or a best practice of the organization's management system. A finding of good practice is not related to a nonconformity and does not affect the certification status. The organization may choose to acknowledge or share the finding of good practice, but it is not required to act on it.
*C. An opportunity for improvement is raised: An opportunity for improvement is a potential area where the organization's management system can be enhanced or optimized. An opportunity for improvement is not related to a nonconformity and does not affect the certification status. The organization may choose to pursue or ignore the opportunity for improvement, but it is not required to act on it.
*E. A finding of conformity is reported: A finding of conformity is a confirmation that the organization's management system fulfils the audit criteria. A finding of conformity is not related to a nonconformity and does not affect the certification status. The organization may choose to celebrate or communicate the finding of conformity, but it is not required to act on it.
References: ISO 19011:2018(en), Guidelines for auditing management systems, ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015(en), Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems
- Part 1: Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 131
Which two of the following work documents are not required for audit planning by an auditor conducting a certification audit?
- A. An audit plan
- B. A checklist
- C. An organisation's financial statement
- D. A list of interested parties
- E. A career history of the quality manager
- F. An evidence sampling strategy
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION # 132
Select the term that best describes the purpose of retaining documented information in a quality management system to ISO 9001.
- A. To facilitate auditing for proof of conformity to the standard.
- B. To provide confidence in the effectiveness of the quality management system.
- C. To support the operation of the processes of the quality management system.
- D. To safeguard the integrity of the quality management system.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Documented information is a means by which an organization demonstrates compliance. It communicates what we do and how we do things, it communicates what happened and what results were achieved. It is, essentially, a tool for communication. ISO 9001:2015 allows an organization flexibility in the way it chooses to document its quality management system (QMS). This enables each individual organization to determine the correct amount of documented information needed in order to demonstrate the effective planning, operation and control of its processes and the implementation and continual improvement of the effectiveness of its QMS. The standard states that the organization shall maintain documented information to the extent necessary to support the operation of processes and retain documented information to the extent necessary to have confidence that the processes are being carried out as planned. Therefore, the purpose of retaining documented information is to support the operation of the processes of the QMS, not to facilitate auditing, provide confidence or safeguard integrity, which are secondary benefits of documented information.
References: Guidance on the requirements for Documented Information of ISO 9001:2015, ISO 9001:2015 documented information | CQI | IRCA, Documented Information Required by ISO 9001:2015 - 9000 Store
NEW QUESTION # 133
You are carrying out an audit at an organisation seeking certification to ISO 9001 for the first time. The organisation offers health and safety training to customers.
You are interviewing the Quality Systems Manager (QSM).
You: "What risks and opportunities have the business identified?"
QSM: "I'1l show you. This was discussed with the Managing Director at the latest management review." Narrative: The QSM shows you the latest management review record and points to the following table:
You: "How is the business planning to address these risks and opportunities?" QSM: "The MD said that they already knew about them so it was not necessary."
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Non-Conformity Report:
ISO 9001 Clause Number
Nature of Problem
ISO 9001 Requirement That Has Not Been Fulfilled
6.1.1
Several risks and opportunities have not been determined.
"The organization shall consider the requirements referred to in 4.2 and determine the risks and opportunities that need to be addressed."
6.1.2 (a)
Actions to address risks and opportunities not planned.
"The organization shall plan actions to address risks and opportunities." Step-by-Step Reasoning:
* Clause 6.1.1 - Determining Risks and Opportunities:
* Requirement: The organization must determine risks and opportunities that are relevant to its Quality Management System (QMS). This ensures that the QMS achieves intended results and prevents undesired effects.
* Problem Identified: While some risks and opportunities were discussed, the organization did not perform a systematic evaluation of all risks (e.g., health and safety legislation changes, retiring trainers).
* Clause 6.1.2 (a) - Planning Actions for Risks and Opportunities:
* Requirement: The organization must plan actions to address identified risks and opportunities.
These actions should be integrated into the QMS processes to ensure continuous improvement.
* Problem Identified: The Quality Systems Manager confirmed that no plans were made to address the risks and opportunities because the Managing Director deemed it unnecessary. This violates the requirement to plan actions.
* Correct Options Selected:
* Clause 6.1.1 with the nature of the problem as: "Several risks and opportunities have not been determined."
* Clause 6.1.2 (a) with the nature of the problem as: "Actions to address risks and opportunities not planned."
* ISO 9001 Requirements Not Fulfilled:
* For 6.1.1:"The organization shall consider the requirements referred to in 4.2 and determine the risks and opportunities that need to be addressed."
* For 6.1.2 (a):"The organization shall plan actions to address risks and opportunities."
NEW QUESTION # 134
Noitol is an organisation specialising in the design and production of e-learning training materials for the insurance market. During an ISO 9001 audit of the development department, the auditor asks the Head of Development about the process used for validation of the final course design. She states that they usually ask customers to validate the product with volunteers. She says that the feedback received often leads to key improvements.
The auditor samples the design records for a recently completed course for the 247 Insurance organisation.
Design verification was carried out but there was no validation report. The Head of Development advises that this customer required the product on an urgent basis, so the validation stage was omitted. When asked, the Head estimates that this occurs about 50% of the time. She confirms that they always ask for feedback and often make changes. There is no record of feedback in the design file for the course.
The auditor decides to review the training course design process in more depth.
Select three options that provide a meaningful audit trail for this process.
- A. How is technical content of courses verified as correct?
- B. How is customer feedback integrated into the course?
- C. What are the qualifications of the administrative staff?
- D. How are students advised about prior learning requirements?
- E. What risks and opportunities have been notified to interested parties?
- F. How is the tutor trained to deliver the completed course?
- G. How is the cost of the course calculated?
- H. How is design documentation controlled and managed?
Answer: A,B,H
Explanation:
According to clause 8.3 of ISO 9001:2015, the organization should establish, implement, and maintain a design and development process that is appropriate to ensure the subsequent provision of products and services. The design and development process should include the following activities:
*Determining the requirements for the products and services to be designed and developed, considering the intended use, the statutory and regulatory requirements, the customer and other relevant interested parties' needs and expectations, and the potential risks and opportunities.
*Defining the design and development objectives, stages, responsibilities, and authorities, and ensuring the availability of adequate resources and competence.
*Implementing design and development controls, such as reviews, verification, and validation, to ensure that the design and development outputs meet the design and development inputs, and to identify and resolve any problems or errors.
*Maintaining documented information on the design and development inputs, outputs, reviews, verification, validation, and changes, and ensuring the traceability and conformity of the products and services to the requirements.
*Managing the design and development changes, by identifying, reviewing, and controlling them, and evaluating their effects on the products and services and the QMS.
In this case, the evidence statements that provide a meaningful audit trail for the design and development process are B, E, and F, because they relate to the design and development controls, the documented information, and the verification activities that are required by the standard. These options can help the auditor to assess the effectiveness and conformity of the design and development process, and to identify any nonconformities or opportunities for improvement. The other options are not directly related to clause 8.3, although they may be relevant for other aspects of the QMS, such as clause 7.2 on competence, clause 7.3 on awareness, clause 7.4 on communication, clause 8.2 on requirements for products and services, clause 8.4 on externally provided processes, products, and services, and clause 8.7 on control of nonconforming outputs.
References: ISO 9001:2015, ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group Guidance on Design and Development, ISO
9001 Clause 8.3 Design and development of products and services
NEW QUESTION # 135
Scenario 1: AL-TAX is a company located in California which provides financial and accounting services.
The company manages the finances of 17 companies and now is seeking to expand their business even more The CEO of AL-TAX, Liam Durham, claims that the company seeks to provide top-notch services to their clients Recently, there were a number of new companies interested in the services provided by AL-TAX.
In order to fulfill the requirements of new clients and further improve quality, Liam discussed with other top management members the idea of implementing a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001.
During the discussion, one of the members of the top management claimed that the size of the company was not large enough to implement a QMS. In addition, another member claimed that a QMS is not applicable for the industry in which AL TAX operates. However, as the majority of the members voted for implementing the QMS. Liam initiated the project.
Initially, Liam hired an experienced consultant to help AL-TAX with the implementation of the QMS. They started by planning and developing processes and methods for the establishment of a QMS based on ISO
9001. Furthermore, they ensured that the quality policy is appropriate to the purpose and context of AL TAX and communicated to all employees. In addition, they also tried to follow a process that enables the company to ensure that its processes are adequately resourced and managed, and that improvement opportunities are determined.
During the implementation process, Liam and the consultant focused on determining the factors that could hinder their processes from achieving the planned results and implemented some preventive actions in order to avoid potential nonconformities Six months after the implementation of the QMS. AL-TAX conducted an internal audit. The results of the internal audit revealed that the QMS was not fulfilling all requirements of ISO 9001. A serious issue was that the QMS was not fulfilling the requirements of clause 5.1.2 Customer focus and had also not ensured clear and open communication channels with suppliers.
Throughout the next three years, the company worked on improving its QMS through the PDCA cycle in the respective areas. To assess the effectiveness of the intended actions while causing minimal disruptions, they tested changes that need to be made on a smaller scale. After taking necessary actions, AL-TAX decided to apply for certification against ISO 9001.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
According to scenario 1, AL-TAX determined the factors that could hinder their processes from achieving the planned results and implemented preventive actions. This means they employed:
- A. The process approach
- B. Compliance requirements and regulations
- C. Risk-based thinking
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
ISO 9001:2015 emphasizes risk-based thinking, which helps organizations identify factors that could prevent achieving planned results and take preventive action. Clause 6.1 (Actions to Address Risks and Opportunities) requires organizations to determine risks and opportunities and implement actions to mitigate potential negative impacts.
In the scenario, AL-TAX identified potential risks and implemented preventive actions, aligning with risk- based thinking. ISO 9001:2015 integrates risk management throughout the standard, ensuring processes are designed to minimize uncertainties.
Reference:
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 6.1 - Actions to Address Risks and Opportunities
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 0.3.3 - Risk-Based Thinking
NEW QUESTION # 136
"A set of interrelated or interlacing elements of an organization to establish policies and objectives, and processes to achieve those objectives" is the definition of a/an:
- A. Organization scope
- B. Quality manual
- C. Management system
- D. Standard
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
According to ISO 9000:2015, which provides definitions for terms used in ISO 9001:2015, a management system is defined as a set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies, objectives, and processes to achieve those objectives.
A Quality Management System (QMS) is a type of management system that ensures organizations meet customer and regulatory requirements while improving performance.
Clause 3.5.3 of ISO 9000:2015 clearly defines "management system" and aligns with this question. The other options do not fit the definition:
* Standard refers to an established norm or requirement.
* Organization scope defines the boundaries of a QMS but is not a system itself.
* Quality manual is a document (optional under ISO 9001:2015) that describes a QMS but is not the system itself.
Reference:
ISO 9000:2015, Clause 3.5.3 - Management System
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 4.4 - QMS and its Processes
NEW QUESTION # 137
Select six of the activities that are specifically required by ISO 17021-1 as part third-party (Certification Body) surveillance audit processes.
- A. Failing to meet financial responsibilities.
- B. Review changes to the QMS since last visit.
- C. Review the status of previously raised findings and audit effectiveness of any outstanding findings.
- D. Conduct a minimum number of annual surveillance audits during the certification period.
- E. Review the calibration status of the instrumentation.
- F. Verify legal compliance.
- G. Audit use of certification marks on marketing materials.
- H. Complete a full document review of the quality management system.
- I. Handling of customer complaints since last visit.
- J. Confirm effectiveness of internal audit and management review.
Answer: B,C,F,G,I,J
Explanation:
The activities that are specifically required by ISO 17021-1 as part of third-party (Certification Body) surveillance audit processes are:
*Option A: Audit use of certification marks on marketing materials. This option is correct because ISO
17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 requires the certification body to audit the client's use of marks and/or any other reference to certification, as applicable, to ensure conformity with the certification requirements.
*Option B: Review changes to the QMS since last visit. This option is correct because ISO 17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 requires the certification body to review any changes affecting the client's quality management system and its ability to continue to fulfil the requirements of the standard used for certification.
*Option C: Confirm effectiveness of internal audit and management review. This option is correct because ISO
17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 requires the certification body to confirm the continuing effectiveness of the client's quality management system, including the effectiveness of the internal audit and management review processes.
*Option F: Review the status of previously raised findings and audit effectiveness of any outstanding findings.
This option is correct because ISO 17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 requires the certification body to review the status of findings and any corrective actions taken by the client in response to previous audits, and to verify the effectiveness of the implemented corrective actions.
*Option H: Verify legal compliance. This option is correct because ISO 17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 requires the certification body to verify the client's compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements related to the scope of certification.
*Option I: Handling of customer complaints since last visit. This option is correct because ISO 17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 requires the certification body to review the client's handling of customer complaints related to the certified activities since the last audit.
The following options are not correct:
*Option D: Complete a full document review of the quality management system. This option is not correct because ISO 17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 does not require the certification body to complete a full document review of the quality management system during surveillance audits. A full document review is only required during the initial certification audit or when there are significant changes to the quality management system or the certification requirements.
*Option E: Failing to meet financial responsibilities. This option is not correct because ISO 17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 does not require the certification body to audit the client's financial responsibilities during surveillance audits. The certification body may have contractual arrangements with the client regarding the payment of fees, but this is not part of the surveillance audit process.
*Option G: Review the calibration status of the instrumentation. This option is not correct because ISO
17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 does not require the certification body to review the calibration status of the instrumentation during surveillance audits. The certification body may audit the client's monitoring and measuring resources as part of the quality management system requirements, but this is not a specific activity required by ISO 17021-1.
*Option J: Conduct a minimum number of annual surveillance audits during the certification period. This option is not correct because ISO 17021-1:2015 clause 9.6.2.2 does not require the certification body to conduct a minimum number of annual surveillance audits during the certification period. The certification body may determine the frequency and duration of surveillance audits based on the risk and performance of the client, but this is not a specific activity required by ISO 17021-1.
References:
*ISO 17021-1:2015 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements
*ISO 9001 Lead Auditor Course Material, Module 7: Audit Follow-up and Surveillance, Slide 8: Surveillance Audit
*ISO 9001 Lead Auditor Training Course - IRCA Certified, Section 7.2: Audit Follow-up and Surveillance
*Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide (EPG) Template - PECB, Section 3.2: Exam Content Outline, Subsection 3.2.1: Section 1 - Audit Fundamentals, Subsection 3.2.2: Section 2 - Audit Principles, Subsection
3.2.3: Section 3 - Audit Process, Subsection 3.2.4: Section 4 - Audit Competencies
NEW QUESTION # 138
During a third-party audit of a pharmaceutical organisation (CD9000) site of seven COVID-19 testing laboratories in various terminals at a major international airport, you interview the CD 9000's General Manager (GM), who was accompanied by Jack, the legal compliance expert. Jack is acting as the guide in the absence of the Technical Manager due to him contracting COVID-19.
You: "What external and internal issues have been identified that could affect CD9000 and its quality management system?" GM: "Jack guided us on this. We identified issues like probable competition of another laboratory organisation in the airport, legal requirements on COVID-19 continuously changing, the shortage of competent laboratory analysists, the epidemic declining soon, shortage of chemicals for the analysis. It was quite a good experience." You: "Did you document these issues?" GM: "No. Jack said that ISO 9001 does not require us to document these issues." You: "How did you determine the risks associated with the issues and did you plan actions to address them?" GM: "I am not sure. The Technical Manager is responsible for this process. Jack may be able to answer this question in his absence." Select two options for how you would respond to the General Manager's suggestion:
- A. I would look for evidence that the actions resulting from the risk assessment had been taken.
- B. I would delay the audit until the return of the technical manager
- C. I would not accept the legal compliance expert answering the question.
- D. I would ask for a different guide instead of the legal compliance expert.
- E. I would ask the consultant to leave the meeting since he is not an employee of the organisation.
- F. I would ask to audit the Technical Manager by phone.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
According to clause 4.1 of ISO 9001:2015, the organization should determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and its strategic direction and that affect its ability to achieve the intended results of its quality management system. The organization should monitor and review these issues and update them as necessary. Although the standard does not explicitly require documented information of these issues, it does require documented information as evidence of the implementation of the actions taken to address risks and opportunities, as per clause 6.1. The organization should also retain documented information as evidence of the results of the monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation of its QMS, as per clause 9.1. Therefore, the auditor should not accept the legal compliance expert answering the question, as he is not the person responsible for the process and may not have the necessary competence or knowledge of the QMS. The auditor should also look for evidence that the actions resulting from the risk assessment had been taken, as this is a requirement of the standard and a way to verify the effectiveness of the QMS. The other options are not appropriate courses of action for the auditor, because they do not address the audit objective or criteria, or they may compromise the audit integrity or impartiality. For example, option B may not be feasible or reliable, as the Technical Manager may not be available or able to provide the necessary evidence by phone. Option C may cause unnecessary delay and inconvenience for the audit process and the auditee. Option E may not solve the problem, as the guide is not the main source of evidence or information for the audit. Option F may be disrespectful or unprofessional, as the consultant may have a legitimate role or interest in the audit.
References: ISO 9001:2015, ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group Guidance on Context of the Organization, ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group Guidance on Audit Evidence
NEW QUESTION # 139
Scenario 5: Mechanical-Electro (ME) Audit Stages
Mechanical-Electro, better known as ME, is an American company that provides mechanical and electrical services in China. Their services range from air-conditioning systems, ventilation systems, plumbing, to installation of electrical equipment in automobile plants, electronic manufacturing facilities, and food processing plants.
Due to the fierce competition from local Chinese companies and failing to meet customer requirements, ME's revenue dropped significantly. In addition, customers' trust and confidence in the company decreased, and the reputation of the company was damaged.
In light of these developments, the top management of ME decided to implement a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001. After having an effective QMS in place for over a year, they applied for a certification audit.
A team of four auditors was appointed for the audit, including Li Na as the audit team leader. Initially, the audit team conducted a general review of ME's documents, including the quality policy, operational procedures, inventory lists, QMS scope, process documentation, training records, and previous audit reports.
Li Na stated that this would allow the team to maintain a systematic and structured approach to gathering documents for all audit stages. While reviewing the documented information, the team observed some minor issues but did not identify any major nonconformities. Therefore, Li Na claimed that it was not necessary to prepare a report or conduct a meeting with ME's representatives at that stage of the audit. She stated that all areas of concern would be discussed in the next phase of the audit.
Following the on-site activities and the opening meeting with ME's top management, the audit team structured an audit test plan to verify whether ME's QMS conformed to Clause 8.2.1 (Customer Communication) of ISO
9001.
To do so, they gathered information through group interviews and sampling. Li Na conducted interviews with departmental managers in the first group and then with top management. In addition, she chose a sampling method that sufficiently represented customer complaints from both areas of ME's operations.
The team members were responsible for the sampling procedure. They selected a sample size of 4 out of 45 customer complaints received weekly for electrical services and 2 out of 10 complaints for mechanical services.
Afterward, the audit team evaluated the evidence against the audit criteria and generated the audit findings.
According to general principles of sampling procedure, did the audit team select a valid sample for electrical services?
- A. Yes, the selected sample size is proportionate to the population.
- B. No, the selected sample size is low compared to the population, as for a population from 13 to 52 the minimum sample size should be 5.
- C. No, the selected sample size is high compared to the population, as for a population from 13 to 52 the minimum sample size should be 10.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The audit team selected 4 out of 45 customer complaints for electrical services, which is too low based on standard statistical sampling methods. According to ISO 19011:2018 (Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems), for a population size between 13 and 52, a minimum sample size should be 5 to achieve a reasonable level of confidence.
This means the selected sample (4 complaints) was insufficient and did not align with standard sampling procedures. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.5 (Sampling Methods in Auditing)
NEW QUESTION # 140
In the context of a third-party audit, match the event with the responsibility for conducting it.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
The correct answer is:
Event
Selecting audit team = Individual(s) managing the audit programme
Conducting the audit = Audit team
Preparing the audit plan = Audit team leader
Requesting the audit = Audit client
To complete the table, click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, drag and drop each option to the appropriate blank section. Responsibility:- Individual(s) managing the audit programme Audit team Audit team leader Audit client According to ISO 19011:2018, clause 5.3, the individual(s) managing the audit programme are responsible for selecting the audit team, taking into account the competence and availability of the auditors and any experts needed. 1 According to clause 6.2, the audit team is responsible for conducting the audit, which includes collecting and verifying audit evidence, evaluating audit findings, and preparing the audit report. 1 According to clause 6.1, the audit team leader is responsible for preparing the audit plan, which includes defining the audit objectives, scope, criteria, and duration, as well as assigning roles and responsibilities to the audit team members. 1 According to clause 5.2, the audit client is the person or organization that requests the audit, which can be the auditee (the person or organization being audited) or any other person or organization that has an interest in the audit results. 1 References:
* 1: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 141
An organisation decides to purchase products and services only from ISO 9001 certified suppliers.
Match the four organisational functions to a potential benefit.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Reduced incoming inspection # A. Quality
Improved communication with suppliers # B. Procurement
Purchased materials received on time # C. Logistics
Reduced variability within processes # D. Production
According to ISO 9001:2015, Clause 8.4 - Control of externally provided processes, products and services, organisations are required to ensure that externally provided products and services conform to specified requirements. When an organisation sources from ISO 9001 certified suppliers, there is greater assurance of consistency in quality, delivery, and communication. This enhances internal operations across various functions:
* Reduced incoming inspection (Quality): ISO 9001 certified suppliers have robust quality controls (Clause 8.4.2), reducing the need for repeated inspections upon receipt. This aligns with Quality's responsibility for incoming inspection and verification.
* Improved communication with suppliers (Procurement): Clause 8.4.3 emphasizes the communication of detailed requirements to external providers. Procurement plays a key role in ensuring these requirements are understood and met.
* Purchased materials received on time (Logistics): Timely deliveries are often a result of structured supplier evaluation and selection (Clause 8.4.1). Logistics benefits through fewer delays and better scheduling of internal processes.
* Reduced variability within processes (Production): Consistency of supplied materials supports stable and predictable production processes, which is a key aspect of Clause 8.5 - Production and service provision.
References:
ISO 9001:2015 Clause 8.4.1 - General
ISO 9001:2015 Clause 8.4.2 - Type and extent of control
ISO 9001:2015 Clause 8.4.3 - Information for external providers
ISO 9001:2015 Clause 8.5 - Production and service provision
NEW QUESTION # 142
A person who provides specific knowledge or expertise to the audit team during the audit is known as a/an:
- A. Observer.
- B. Guide.
- C. Technical expert.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
A technical expert is someone with specialized knowledge that helps the audit team understand specific technical aspects of the auditee's processes.
Clause References:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 7.3.4 - Use of Technical Experts:
Technical experts support the audit team with specialized knowledge but do not perform the audit themselves.
Why is the Correct Answer B?
A technical expert is needed when auditors lack deep expertise in specific areas, such as engineering, software, or medical devices.
They assist in interpreting complex technical requirements but do not act as auditors.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
A (Observer) # Observers do not contribute expertise; they only watch the audit (e.g., trainees).
C (Guide) # Guides help with logistics but do not provide technical expertise.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 7.3.4 - Use of Technical Experts
NEW QUESTION # 143
Scenario 6: Davis Clinic (DC) is an American medical center focused on integrated health care. Since its establishment DC was committed to providing qualitative services for its clients, which is the reason why the company decided to implement a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001. After a year of having an active QMS in place, DC applied for a certification audit.
A team of five auditors, from a well-known certification body, was selected to conduct the audit. Eva was appointed as the audit team leader. After three days of auditing, the team gathered to review and examine their findings. They also discussed the audit findings with DC's top management and then drafted the audit conclusions.
In the closing meeting, which was held between the audit team and the top management of DC. Eva presented two nonconformities that were detected during the audit. Eva stated that the company did not retain documented information regarding its outsourced services for an analysis laboratory and regarding the conducted management reviews. During the closing meeting, the audit team required from DCs top management to come up with corrective action plans within two weeks. Although the top management did not agree with the audit findings, the audit team insisted that the auditee must submit corrective actions within the given time frame in order for the audit activities to continue.
Once the action plans were evaluated, the audit team began preparing the audit report. Eva required from the team to provide accurate descriptions of the audit findings and the audit conclusions. The report was then distributed to all the interested parties involved in the audit, including the certification body Based on the report, the certification body together with Eva, as the audit team leader, made the certification decision.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Is it acceptable for the certification body and Eva to make the certification decision together?
- A. No, only the audit team leader must make the certification decision
- B. No, auditors that take part in the audit should never take part in the certification decision
- C. Yes, because the audit team leader must be involved in the certification decision
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:According to ISO 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.5.1 (Certification Decision):
* Auditors who conduct the audit cannot be involved in the certification decision to ensure impartiality.
* The certification body alone is responsible for making the certification decision based on the audit report and findings.
* The audit team leader (Eva) must not take part in the certification decision.
Thus, C is the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 144
In the context of a third-party certification audit, it is very important to have effective communication. Which is not the responsibility of the audit team leader?
- A. Confirming formal communication channels between the audit team and the auditee during the opening meeting.
- B. Planning formal communication arrangements, so an auditee can communicate with the auditor any time during the audit.
- C. If audit objectives are unattainable, reporting the reasons to the accreditation body.
- D. Communicating the progress, any significant findings and any concerns to the auditee and audit client, as appropriate.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 145
An audit team of three people is conducting a Stage 2 audit to ISO 9001 of an engineering organisation that manufactures sacrificial anodes for the oll and gas industry in marine environments. These are aluminium products designed to prevent corrosion of submerged steel structures. You, as one of the auditors, find that the organisation has shipped anodes for Project DK in the Gulf of Mexico before the galvanic efficiency test results for the anodes have been fully analysed and reported as required by the customer. The Quality Manager explains that the Managing Director authorised release of the anodes to avoid late delivery as penalties would be imposed. The customer was not informed since the tests very rarely fall below the required efficiency. You raise a nonconformity against clause 8.6 of ISO 9001.
Which of the following options for the best description of the nonconformity?
- A. A retrospective concession was not sought from the customer once the test results had been approved by the Quality Manager.
- B. Release of the product without acceptable test results has been accepted by the customer for Project DK.
- C. Products for Project DK have been released before product approval through the quality control process.
- D. The untested product was not recalled until the galvanic efficiency of the anodes was verified.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Clause Reference - ISO 9001:2015 Clause 8.6 (Release of Products and Services):
ISO 9001 requires that products and services are not released to the customer until:
All planned verification activities have been completed.
Acceptance criteria have been met.
Any necessary approvals have been obtained.
In this scenario:
The sacrificial anodes for Project DK were shipped before the galvanic efficiency test results were analyzed.
This constitutes a nonconformity against Clause 8.6 because the products were released without completing the required tests.
Option Analysis:
A). A retrospective concession was not sought from the customer once the test results had been approved by the Quality Manager:Incorrect. While obtaining a concession might mitigate the situation, the nonconformity pertains to the process failure of releasing the products without completing required tests, not the absence of a concession.
B). Release of the product without acceptable test results has been accepted by the customer for Project DK:
Incorrect. The customer was not informed before the release, and there is no indication that this was accepted beforehand. Furthermore, ISO 9001 requires planned processes to be followed, regardless of later acceptance.
C). Products for Project DK have been released before product approval through the quality control process:
Correct. This description accurately reflects the nonconformity. The quality control process required test results to be analyzed and verified before release, which did not happen.
D). The untested product was not recalled until the galvanic efficiency of the anodes was verified:Incorrect.
The issue is not about recalling the product but about releasing it without completing the required tests.
Recalling the product is not mentioned in the scenario.
Why C is Correct:
The nonconformity is a clear breach of Clause 8.6, where the products were released without meeting the planned verification requirements.
This demonstrates a failure in adhering to quality control processes, which is a critical aspect of ISO 9001 compliance.
Key ISO 9001 Reference:
Clause 8.6: Products and services shall not be released to the customer until all planned activities (e.g., testing) have been satisfactorily completed, or the customer has approved the release with knowledge of deviations.
NEW QUESTION # 146
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PECB ISO-9001-Lead-Auditor Exam Syllabus Topics:
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ISO-9001-Lead-Auditor Exam Practice Questions prepared by PECB Professionals: https://actual4test.practicetorrent.com/ISO-9001-Lead-Auditor-practice-exam-torrent.html